Byinshi utari uzi ku ndwara ya SIDA.

TURUSHEHO GUSOBANUKIRWA SIDA KUGIRANGO TUYIRINDE KURUSHAHO

I-UKO BYIFASHE KU ISI NO MU RWANDA

Buri munsi ku isi :

• abantu 6.800 banduzwa n'agakoko ka sida
• abantu 5.700 bicwa n'agakoko ka Sida, 73% yabo ni abo muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu.

Mu mwaka wa 2009, ababanaga n'agakoko ka sida bari miliyoni mirongo itatu n'eshatu (33 millions), 95% yabo nabo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere naho 70% yabo n'abo muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu. Mu Rwanda ho, ababana n'agakoko ka sida ni 3%

II-AGAKOKO GATERA SIDA

Agakoko gatera sida kitwa, mu cyongereza, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV):

• HIV1 niyo iboneka cyane ku isi yose,
• HIV2: iboneka muri Afurika y'iburengerazuba, Mozambike na Angola
• HIV2 yandura gake niyo mpamvu iboneka gake.

III-UKO AGAKOKO KA SIDA KAZAHAZA UMUBIRI
Agakoko gatera sida, kugirango kabeho kanibaruke , kagomba kwinjira mu turemangingofatizo (cellules) tw'umubiri dufite uturyango twiwa CD4:

• Uturemangingofatizo twitwa lemfosite T (lymphocytes T),
• Uturemangingofatizo twitwa makorofaje (macrophages),
• Uturemangingofatizo twitwa monosite (monocytes),
• Uturemangingofatizo two mu bwonko twitwa giliyale (cellules gliales),
• Uturemangingofatizo twa Langerhans (cellules de Langerhans),
• Uturemangingofatizo two mu gifu n'amara (cellules de la muqueuse gastro-intestinale),
• Uturemangingofatizo two mu misokoro y'amagufa (cellules de la moelle osseuse),
• Uturemangingofatizo two mu gihu cy'umutwe w'igitsina cy'umugabo (cellules du prépuce).

Utwinshi muri utwo turemangingofatizo ni abasirikari barinda umubiri. Iyo rero twinjiwe n'agakoko gatera sida turapfa, bityo umubare w'abasirikari b'umubiri ukagabanuka muri rusange maze indwara hafi ya zose harimo n'izidasanzwe zifata umuntu muzima (ibyuririzi) zikamerera nabi umubiri.

IV- AGAKOKO KA SIDA KINJIRA GUTE MU MUBIRI ?
Amatembabuzi yo mu mubiri yanduza umuntu iyo amugiyeho (ku dusebe two ku ruhu nk'urwo ku gitsina cy'umugabo), cyangwa iyo amugiyemo (ku dusebe two mugitsina cy'umugore) ni:

• amaraso,
• amasohoro,
• umurenda wo mugitsina cy'umugore
• amashereka.

Ibindi bintu byo mu mubiri bishobora kubamo agakoko ka sida ariko bikaba byaragaragaye ko bitanduzanya ni:

• Amacandwe,
• Amarira,
• Inkari,
• Amabyi,
• Ibirutsi,
• Amazi yo mu rutirigongo (liquide céphalo-rachidien),
• Amazi yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero (liquide broncho-alvéolaire).

Icyitonderwa :
Kugirango amatembabuzi yo mu mubiri yanduze umuntu, agomba kuba arimo udukoko twa sida kandi turimo ku bwinshi (kwanduza bibaho gake cyane iyo utwo dukoko ari duke, turi munsi y'udukoko 1500 muri buri mililitiro y'amatembabuzi)

V-IBYO AGAKOKO KA SIDA KURIRIRAHO NGO KINJIRE MU MUBIRI
ku bantu bakuru :

• Imibonano mpuzabitsina (abadahuje ibitsina kurusha abahuje ibitsina)
• Guhabwa amaraso yanduye,
• Gukoresha ibikoresho byanduye (gusiramura, kogosha, kurasaga,inshinge…)
• Kugubwaho n'amatembabuzi yo mu mubiri yanduye nk'amaraso akagwa ku ruhu cyangwa mu maso cyangwa mu kanywa hariho cyangwa harimo udusebe

ABANTU BANDURA KURUSHA ABANDI :

• abakora imibonano yo mu kibuno kurusha abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina,
• abagore kurusha abagabo,
• abapfakazi cyangwa abatanye n'abagabo babo kurusha abakibana n'abagabo babo,
• abagore batwite kurusha abadatwite,
• gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abantu benshi,
• kudakoresha agakingirizo ku basambana,
• kurwara izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina,
• indaya kurusha izitarizo,
• abadasiramuye kurusha abasiramuye,
• gufata ibiyobyabwenge ukoresheje inzira y'amaraso,
• udusebe ku ruhu cyangwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu gitsina

Ku bana :
Impinja zanduzwa kenshi na ba nyina :

• mu gihe cyo gutwita,
• mu gihe cy'ibise,
• mu gihe cyo kubyara,
• no mukonsa.

gufatwa ku ngufu n'umuntu wanduye agakoko gatera sida, guterwa amaraso yanduye, kuvurishwa ibikoresho biriho amatembabuzi yo mu mubiri yanduye nk'amaraso: inshinge, ibikoresho byo guca ibirimi cyangwa byo gukura ibyinyo, guca indasago..

IBITUMA IMPINJA ZANDURA AGAKOKO GATERA SIDA KURUSHAHO:

• kubyarwa n'umubyeyi ufite udukoko twa sida twinshi cyane mu maraso,
• kubyarwa n'umubyeyi ufite abasirikari bake mu maraso (< 200 muri buri mililitiro y'amaraso),
• Kubyarwa n'umubyeyi wazahajwe n'agakoko ka sida,
• kubyarwa n'umubyeyi ufite imirire mibi,
• kuvuka (ku mubyeyi wanduye agakoko gatera sida) nyuma y'igihe kirekire isuha imenetse (amasaha arenze icumi)
• konka ibere rirwaye udusebe cyangwa utubyimba ,
• impinja zivuka zidashyitse cyangwa zivukana ibiro bike
• Impinja zifite udusebe mu kanwa,
• gushyira ku ruhinja ibintu bimatira bikaba byanamukomeretsa: siparadara (sparadrap)
• uruhinja rwonka kurusha urutonka.

VI-NIBANDE BAKAGOMBYE KWIPIMISHA SIDA ?
Abantu bose ariko cyane cyane:

• uruhinja ruvukana ibiro bike (hypotrophie),
• uruhinja ruvuka nyuma y'amasaha menshi (arenze icumi) isuha yamenetse,
• uruhinja ruvukana mburugu,
• abana bakura bagwingira (retard de croissance),
• abana bafite umutwe ugenda uba muto uko bakura (microcephalie),
• umuntu warwaye indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina,
• umusambanyi,
• abanywi b'ibiyobyabwenge,
• umuntu watewe amaraso,
• umuntu urwaragurika indwara ziterwa n'udukoko (infections),
• umuntu urwaragurika umusonga (pneumonie),
• umuntu urwara umusonga w'igikatu (pneumocystose),
• umuntu urwara kenshi ubugendakanwa (candidose orale),
• umuntu urwara kenshi Impiswi (diarrhée chronique),
• umuntu uva kenshi amaraso (hémorragies récidivantes ),
• umuntu uhora arwaye amasazi (adénopathies),

VII-TWAKWIRINDA GUTE SIDA ?
• Kugirango umugore utwite atanduza uruhinja rwe:

• gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko gatera sida (antiretroviraux) hakiri kare (inda ikigira ibyumweru 14 ) kugeza umwana acutse,
• guhitamo kubyara ubazwe,
• Kwuhagira vuba na bwangu uruhinja rukivuka kugirango ururenda n'amazi bimuriho bimuveho ,
• Kwirinda ibyakomeretsa uruhinja ruri kuvuka (ventouse, forceps, aspiration nasopharyngée,…),
• Kudasambana cyangwa gukoresha agakingirizo,
• Kwisiramuza,
• Gusukura bya nyabyo ibikoresho bikomeretsa (ibyo kwogosha, guca indasago, guca ibirimi, guca ibyinyo, gusiramura,…),
• Iyo amatembabuzi (liquide biologique) y'uwanduye akuguyeho:
• Kwoza n'amazi menshi,
• Gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko gatera sida (antiretroviraux) vuba na bwangu (mu masaha atarenze mirongo irindwi n'abiri),
• Kuwafashwe ku ngufu: gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko gatera sida (antiretroviraux) vuba na bwangu (bitarenze amasaha 72),
• Guterwa amaraso ari ngombwa koko kandi yapimwe na labo yizewe,
• Kwirinda gusangira ibikoresho bikomeretsa cyane cyane kubitera ibiyobyabwenge,
• Kwivuza vuba na bwangu indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

VIII-ICYITONDERWA

• Nta rukingo rukingira agakoko gatera sida rwari rwaboneka,
• Imiti yica udukoko bita microbicides bamwe bashyira mu gitsina cy'umugore mbere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina ntirinda kwandura agakoko gatera sida.