MENYA UKO WAKWITA KU MENYO YAWE NTIYANGIRIKE

Tuvuge ibijyanye n'isuku y'amenyo

Abantu benshi usanga batazi uko boza amenyo yabo, nababikora usanga batayoza neza uko bikwiye. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko kutoza amenyo neza aribyo byangiza amenyo n'ishinya kuruta kutayoza namba. 

Abenshi ntitwoza amenyo ngo tumare igihe gikwiriye, abenshi ntidukoresha akagozi kagenewe gukura imyanda hagati y'amenyo kandi nanone abenshi ntitugira umuco kureba muganga w'amenyo ngo tumenye ubuzima bw'amenyo yacu.

Dore uko wakoresha uburoso bwawe; bufate nkuko ufata ikaramu ubundi usukure amenyo yawe mugihe cy'minota ibiri. 

Ni gute wasukura mu kanwa?

Oza amenyo yawe ukoresheje uburoso, woze hagati y'amenyo kandi ntiwibagirwe koza ururimi no mu gisenge cy'akanwa. Uburoso bwawe ntibufite kuba buteye mu buryo budasanzwe, gusa bugomba kuba bufite uturoso tworoshye kandi ukabuhindura buri kwezi. Watinda nturenze atatu.

UMUGORE YONSA ATWITE NI IZIHE NGARUKA BIGIRA K'UWO ATWITE? ESE WE BIMUGIRAHO IZIHE NGARUKA? ESE HARI INGARUKA BIGIRA K'UWO YONSA?

ESE UMUGORE YONKEJE ATWITE BYAGIRA INGARUKA KURI WE, K'UWO ATWITE CYANGWA UWO YONSA?

Abantu benshi bibaza iki kibazo kuko bijya bibaho ko umugore asama kandi yonsaga, bigatuma hibazwa niba agomba gukomeza konsa cyangwa se kubihagarika, bitewe no gutinya ko byamugiraho ingaruka we ubwe, uwo yonsa cyangwa se uwo atwite. Abantu babivugaho byinshi bitandukanye, ariko reka turebe icyo abahanga babivugaho.

INGARUKA ZO KONSA KU MUGORE UTWITE KU BUZIMA BWE BWITE
Hari ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umugore iyo yonsa atwite ashobora kugira ibibazo byerekeranye n'intungamubiri (problemes nutritionnel) bigaragarira cyane cyane mu kunanuka cyangwa se gutakaza ibiro (Merchant, 1990). Icyakora, abo bashakashatsi bagaragaje ko ibyo bibaho ku bagore bari basanzwe n'ubundi bafite ibibazo byo kubona ibibatunga, bityo abatabifite bakaba batagira izi impungenge. Ikindi kivugwa ku ngaruka zishobora kuba kuri uyu mubyeyi ni ukubyara igihe kitageze. Ibi ababivuga bashingira ko iyo umugore yonsa hari umusemburo uboneka mu mubiri we bita ocytocyne ari nawe utuma agira ibise mu gihe cyo kubyara, bityo mu gihe yonsa wa musemburo ukaba waba mwinshi maze ugatuma abyara atarageza igihe. Ibi ariko abandi bashakashatsi barabihinyuye bagaragaza ko nyababyeyi itagira icyo ikorwaho n'uriya musemburo mbere y'amezi arindwi (ibyumweru 28) yo gutwita n'ubwo bigikenewe gukorerwa izindi nyigo. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakorewe California muri Amerika ku bagore 57 bonsaga batwite bwagaragaje ko nta ngaruka byigeze bigira kuri bo cyangwa ku mitwitire yabo.

INGARUKA KU BUZIMA BW`UMWANA IYO YONKA MAMA WE UWITE
Ubushakakashatsi bwerekanye ko hari impinduka ziba ku mashereka cyane cyane mu buryohe bwayo no kuba aba make, ibi bikunze kuba iyo inda igejeje amezi atandatu, aho amashereka ahinduka akamera nk'umuhondo (ya mashereka aza umugore akimara kubyara bita collostrum) , bigatuma abana bamwe banga kuyonka, bakicutsa. Inyigo (Newton, 1979) yakozwe ku bagore 503 bonsaga batwite yerekanye ko 69% y'abana babo bicukije. Indi nyigo (Moscone, 1993) yo ivuga ko 57% bicukije. Icyakora izo nyigo zombi zivuga ko ntawahamya ko ibyo byatewe n'uko ba nyina bari batwite (hashobora kuba hari izindi mpamvu).

Ibi ariko bitandukanye n'ibivugwa ko ayo mashereka ahinduka uburozi, kuko nta bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko yica abana. Ubushakashatsi bwa Moscone bwerekanye ko ahubwo abacutswa aribo barwara impiswi kurusha abakomeza konka. Cyakora yagaragaje ko abo bana badatandukanye ku buryo bugaragara mu mirwarire yabo.

IYO UMUGORE YONSA ATWITE NI IZIHE NGARUKA K`UWO ATWITE?
Abashakashatsi bamwe bagaragaje ko abana bonkerejweho bavuka nk'abandi, bakavuka nta bibazo byihariye bafite ugereranyije n'abandi bana batonkerejweho. Icyakora hari abandi bashakashatsi bagaragaje ko abana bonkerejweho bashobora kutiyongera mu biro mu minsi 30 ya mbere nk'abandi bana.

UMWANZURO

Iyo umugore asamye yonsa, hashobora kuba imihindukire ku mashereka ye ijyanye cyane cyane no guhindura uburyohe no kugabanuka mu bwinshi bwayo, bikaba byatuma umwana yivana kw`ibere. Nyamara ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko aya mashereka atari mabi ku mwana, cyane cyane ko ingaruka zo gucutswa imburagihe arizo nyinshi kandi mbi. Naho kuri nyina, nta ngaruka bimugiraho iyo yubahirije amabwiriza ajyanye n'imirire inoze. N'ubwo umwana uvutse yaronkerejweho ashobora kutiyongera ibiro mu minsi ya mbere akimara kuvuka, nta zindi ngaruka zagaragaye uyu mwana yagira.

Iyo rero bibayeho ko umugore asama kandi yonsaga, sibyiza guhita yihutira gucutsa uwo yonsaga, ahubwo twamugira inama yo kwegera abaganga, bakamufasha kureba igikwiye hakurikijwe uko ubuzima bwe bumeze. Haramutse hanafashwe icyemezo cyo gucutsa, bakamugira inama y'uko yabikora mu buryo butagira ingaruka ku mwana ucukijwe. Twibutse ko umwana ucutse imburagihe cyangwa ku buryo butanoze ashobora kurwara indwara nyinshi zimuzahaza ndetse zikaba zanamuhitana.

URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE, ni ryari bavuga ko umwana yavutse ananiwe? Dore Ingaruka bigira ku mwana, Soma uko mwabyitwaramo igihe mufite umwana wavutse unaniwe. Soma uko wakwirinda kuzabyara umwana unaniwe.

ESE URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE RUZAHURA N'IBIHE BIBAZO? ABABYEYI BABYIFATAMO BATE?

1. URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE BISOBANUYE IKI? Iyo abanyarwanda bavuze ngo umwana yavutse ananiwe, biba bishatse kuvuga ko umubiri w'umwana (cyane cyane ubwonko) uba utagerwaho cyangwa ugerwaho n'umwuka muke witwa ogisigeni (oxygene:O2) kandi ufite ubushobozi bucye bwo kwivanaho umwuka mubi witwa diyokiside ya karibone ( dioxyde de carbone:CO2). Ibi bituma umubiri ugira aside (acides) nyinshi, bikaba byanatuma umwana apfa.
   
2. KUBERA IKI URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE KANDI RUBA RUMEZE NEZA MBERE Y'UKO MAMA WARWO AGIRA IBISE? Hari ibice by'umubiri nk'ubwonko bizahara cyane iyo okisijeni (oxygène) ibaye nke cyangwa ikabura. Akenshi ubwonko buzahazwa n’indwara karemano (maladies génétiques, métaboliques ou malformatives). Kandi bizwi ko ubwonko aribwo bugenga ubwenge n'imikorere y'umubiri :ubwonko nibwo butuma uruhinja rwonka, ruhumeka, rumenya guseka, kwicara, gukambakamba, kugenda, kuvuga no kureba, ni nabwo bugenga imibyibuhire n'imikorere myiza y' inyama z'umubiri.
   Burya iyo umuntu ahumeka, ikiba kigamijwe ni uko umwuka uva mu bihaha ukajyanwa n'amaraso mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri aho uwo mwuka witwa okisigeni (oxygene:O2) ukoreshwa mugukora ingufu umubiri ukenera mu mirimo yawo itandukanye. Ku ruhinja rukiri munda ya nyina, uwo mwuka ruwukura mu maraso ya nyina ukarugeraho uciye mu rureli. Kubera impamvu zitandukanye, mugihe umubyeyi ari kunda, uwo mwuka ntugera kuruhinja cyangwa ukarugeraho ari muke.
   Ingero ni nkizi zikurukira:
   Umubiri w’uruhinja (cyane cyane ubwonko) ushobora kuzahazwa n’imiti nyina aba yafashe (nk’imiti ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya kuribwa: pethidine, morphine,…) cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu gusinziriza umubyeyi iyo yabyaye abazwe (anesthésiques).
   • urureli rwizingazingira ku ijosi ry'uruhinja,
   • urureli rujya imbere y'umutwe w'uruhinja uri kumanuka umwana avuka maze umutwe ugabyinagaza urwo rureli,
   • ingobyi y’umwana ( aho urureli rufatira kumura w'umubyeyi) ikagira ikibazo nko kwomoka maze amaraso akavira mugitsina, bityo umwuka ugera ku mwana ukaba muke.
3. IBINTU UMUNTU YAGENDERAHO AVUGA KO URUHINJA RURI BUVUKE RUNANIWE mbere yo kuvuka:
   Nyuma y’ivuka:
   • imiti umubyeyi aba yafashe atwite cyangwa abyara kubera ibibazo bitandukanye kandi izwi mu kuzahaza uruhinja: péthidine, morphine, imiti ikoreshwa mu gusinziriza umubyeyi nk’iyo abyaye abazwe (anésthésiques);
   • urureli rwizingazingira ku ijosi ry’uruhinja cyangwa rupyinagazwa n’umutwe w’uruhinja igihe ruba rurimo kuvuka;
   • ingobyi y’umwana yomoka ku mura kandi uruhinja rukiri munda ya nyina, maze umubyeyi akavirirana, uruhinja rukabona umwuka muke;
   • uruhinja rudakura neza mu nda ya nyina;
   • uruhinja rukina gake cyangwa rudakina munda ya nyina;
   • umutima w’uruhinja utera gake igihe uruhinja rukiri munda ya nyina;
   • amazi y’isuha asa n’icyatsi kandi avuze ;
   • uruhinja ruvuka igihe kitaragera (prematurity)
   • ikigereranyo cy’APGAR (score d’APGAR) cyiri hasi cyane ku munota wa gatanu cyangwa wa cumi nyuma yo kuvuka (munsi y’amanota 7/10); Icyitonderwa : ikigereranyo cy’APGAR giha amanota (kuva kuri zero kugeza ku icumi)uruhinja gikurikije uko uruhinja ruhumeka, uko umutima warwo utera,ingufu rufite, uko rwinyagambura n’uko rusa (bijyanye n’uko umwuka wa okisijeni ungana mu mubiri);
   • uruhinja rugenda runanirwa guhumeka rukamara amasegonda arenze makumyabiri rudahumeka(apnées);
   • aside (acides) nyinshi mu mubiri (pH<7 .2="" font="">
   • uruhinja ruba rwacitse integer (hypotonie), rugagara (convulsions) cyangwa rwataye ubwenge (coma) ;
   • uruhinja rufite umwijima n’impyiko byangiritseho maze ntibibe bigikora neza ;
4. KUNANIRWA BY’URUHINJA BISHYIRWA MU BYICIRO BITATU Abaganga bashyira ubwangirike bw’ubwonko mu byiciro bitatubahereye ku cyiza kugera ku kibi :
   
   • icyiciro cya mbere : ubwonko buba bwangiritse ku kigereranyo gito : usibye ko uruhinja rwikanga birenze urugero n’imbaraga zo konka zikagabanukaho gato, ubundi ruba ruhumeka neza, kandi rurakira burundu rukazakura neza nta kibazo na kimwe, rumeze nk’izindi mpinja zavutse zidafite ikibazo,
   • icyiciro cya kabiri :ubwonko bwangirikaho ku kigereranyo giciriritse : Uruhinja ruba rufite intege nkeya, imbaraga zo konka zikaba nke cyane(kuburyo biba ngombwa kurugaburira wifashishije agapira gashyirwa mu gifu kanyuze mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa no mu muhogo :sonde asogatrique). Urwo ruhinja kandi rugagara kenshi (convulsions), ariko ruba ruhumeka neza . Muri iki kiciri, abana bamwe bakura ari bazima ntibazagire ikibazo na kimwe, ariko abandi bakura bagira ibibazo bitandukanye nk’igicuri n’ibindi bibazo twasobanuye haruguru .
   • Icyiciro cya gatatu : ubwonko buba bwangiritse cyane : Uruhinja ruba nta ngufu na nkeya rufite, rugagara buri kanya, ntirubasha konka habe no kumira, ruhumeka nabi cyangwa ntirubashe guhumeka na gato. Iyo rubashije kubaho, byanze bikunze rukurana ibibazo bikomeye mu buzima bwarwo (twasobanuye haruguru), rukazaba «ikimara » (débilté mentale).
5. INGARUKA ZISHOBORA KUBA KURUHINJA RWAVUTSE RUNANIWE. Iyo umwana yagize ubwonko bwangiritseho cyane, ntagira ubwenge nk'abandi bana bavutse neza. Uwo mwana ntamenya cyangwa amenya nabi cyangwa agira ubukererwe mu kumenya kwonka, kumira, guseka , kwicara, gukambakamba, kugenda, kureba, kumva, gutekereza. Muri urwo rwego kandi, inyama z'amaboko n'amaguru ntizikura neza mugihe amagufa yo akura neza, bityo inyama zigakwega amagufa maze amaboko, ibiganza, amaguru n'ibirenge bikaremara, kugenda no gukoresha amaboko bikagorana. Bitewe n'igice cy'ubwonko cyafashwe, uko kuremara biba ku kaboko kamwe cyangwa akaguru kamwe cyanwa amaboko yombi gusa cyangwa amaguru yombi gusa cyangwa akaboko n'akaguru by'uruhande rumwe cyangwa amaboko n'amaguru byose hamwe. No mu maso hashobora kuremara (paralysie faciale), n'ibindi…(cerebral palsy in english ou infirmité motrice cérébrale en français). Kutonka no kutamira neza bituma umwana agira imirire mibi harimo na bwaki, bikaba byamuviramo no gupfa. Kutamira neza bituma umwana akunda gukorwa maze ibyo yamiraga bikaboneza mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, agahumeka nabi, agakunda kurwara umusonga bikaba byamuviramo gupfa. MURI MAKE, ibibazo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe rushobora guhura nabyo cyane cyane iyo rwazahaye ku kigereranyo cya kabiri cyangwa cya gatatu ni :
   
   • urupfu akivuka ;
   • kuba ikimara ntagire icyo yimarira mu buzima ;
   • kugira paralizi (paralysie) y’ibice bitandukanye by’umubiri,
   • kurwara igicuri ;
   • gutinda kumenya cyangwa kutabasha kwonka no kumira ;
   • gukorwa kenshi no kurwara kenshi umusonga ;
   • guhumeka nabi ;
   • gusinzira nabi ;
   • kutumva neza ;
   • kutabona, kureba imirari ;
   • gutinda kuvuga cyangwa kutavuga ;
   • guhetama urutirigongo ;
   • kugira ingingo zidakomeye ;
   • kugira amazi menshi mu mutwe (hydrocéphalie) ;
   • kuza (reflux gastro-oesophagien);
   • kwicwa n’inzara kandi ibyo kurya bitabuze (kubera kutonka no kutamira neza) maze ntibabyibuhe bakanarwara bwaki ;
   • kutamenya kunyara neza maze inkari ntishire neza mu ruhago, bityo umwana agakunda kugira za mikorobi mu nkari no mu mbyiko ;
   • gukunda gushishuka umubiri ;
   • gukunda kurwara amenyo ;
   • kugira ubwenge buke, bigatuma yiga nabi;
   • n’ibindi..
6. BABYEYI, MWABYIFATAMO MUTE IGIHE UMWANA WANYU YAVUTSE ANANIWE ? Iyo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe ku kigereranyo cya mbere(kunanirwa gake), nta bwoba kuko urwo ruhinja ruzamera neza nk’izindi mpinja zavutse nta kibazo;
   Iyo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe ku kigereranyo cya kabiri (kunanirwa kuringaniye),
   
   • gusuzumisha umwana buri kwezi kugirango muganga azavumbure hakiri kare ibibazo maze anabishakire ibisubizo hakiri kare,
   • kunywa umuti w’igicuri kugeza umwana amaze byibura amezi atatu atagagara; ?iyo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe ku kigereranyo cya gatatu (kunanirwa cyane), ruhura byanze bikunze n’ibibazo byose twavuze haruguru. Ni ugukora kuburyo umwana azahara gake gashoboka:
   • niba adashobora konka, reba abaganga bagufashe kumugaburira bakoresheje agapira kagera mu gifu kanyuze mu kanywa cyangwa mu mazuru no mu muhogo (sonde naso-gastrique),
   • niba akunda gukorwa no gukorora kenshi no guhumeka nabi, reba muganga arebe niba umwana agomba kujya ku mwuka no gufata imiti y’umusonga (pneumonie);
   • niba umwana afite umubiri uhinamiranye,atabona neza, atumva neza, ni ukwifashisha abagorozi (kinesithérapie, orthophonie,…);
   • niba umwana afite ibibazo by’ubwenge buke mu ishuri, kumushyira mu mashuri yihariye mu bihugu biyafite
7. UMUBYEYI UTWITE YAKORA IKI NGO URUHINJA RWE RUTAZAVUKA RUNANIWE ?
   • mu gihe atwite, umubyeyi agomba kwisuzumisha kenshi kumuganga ubyaza (gynéco-obstétricien)uzamucisha mu cyuma (échographie) byibura buri gihembwe. Ibyo bituma umubyeyi ashobora kugirwa inama yo kuba yavanamo inda nk’iyo umuganga asanze uruhinja rufite ubwonko buremye nabi kandi inda itaragira amezi agira uruhinja umuntu wuzuye (inda ifite ibyumweru 22 ) ;
   • kwivuza neza indwara ziterwa n’udukoko (infections) ;
   • kugerageza kwirinda ibintu byose byatuma umubyeyi abyara igihe kitaragera (prématurité) nk’imirimo iruhanije cyane cyangwa isaba ingufu nyinshi ;
   • kugerageza kwirinda ibintu byose byatuma uruhinja ruvukana ibiro bike (hypotrophie) nk’imirire mibi y’umubyeyi ;
   • kwihutira kwa muganga igihe cyose umubyeyi utwite yumva uruhinja rudakina neza (gukina byagabanutse) cyangwa rutakiri gukina ;
   • mu gihe cy’ibise umubyeyi ari kwa muganga, iyo yumvise uruhinja rutagikina neza, kubibwira vuba na bwangu muganga kugira ngo nibiba na ngombwa umubyeyi abyare bamubaze.

Wari uziko ibicurane bishobora guhitana umwana wawe igihe utamwitayeho? Dore icyo wakora!

BABYEYI, MWARI MUZI KO IBICURANE BY’ABANA BISHOBORA KUBA INTANDARO Y’URUPFU RWABO

Burya akenshi ibicurane biterwa n’udukoko twitwa “virus”. Duturutse mu zuru, utu dukoko rero dushobora kujya mu bice by’umubiri bitandukanye ari nako dutera ibibazo bishobora kumerere nabi abana bafashwe:

• MU MAZURU: inyama zayo zirabyimba n’ibimwira bikaba byinshi, maze amazuru agafungana, guhumeka bikaba ikibazo. Ku mpinja n’utwana duto tutazi kwipfuna, kubera ko umuyoboro wo mu mazuru uba wabaye muto cyane, kwinjiza umwuka biragorana, bigasaba gukoresha akanwa, bityo kwonka bikagorana cyangwa ntibibe bigishobotse (kubera ko iyo yonka ubusanzwe ahumekera mu mazuru), ubwo inzara n’umwuma bikaba byamumerera nabi, n’amaraso akabona umwuka muke maze inyama zifitiye umubiri akamaro kurusha izindi (ubwonko, umutima, imbyiko,…) ntizibone umwuka uhagije maze zikahazaharira bikaba byamuviramo gupfa.
• MU TUYOBORO DUTO TW’UBUHUMEKERO ari natwo tugeza umwuka aho amaraso awuvomera, natwo turafungana, umwuka ugahita ku muhate umwana akoresheje imbaraga nyinshi ( agahumeka nabi asemeka nk’urwaye asima maze hagati y’imbavu hakika bidasanzwe), bityo umwuka mubi wakoreshejwe n’umubiri(CO2) ugasoka nabi ukigumira mu bihaha(ukabona agatuza karareze, kabyimbye), amaraso ntabone umwuka mwiza uhagije (kubera ko uba wivanze n’umwuka mubi”CO2), bityo za nyama zifitiye umubiri kurusha izindi ntizibone umwuka uhagije maze zigakora nabi umuntu akaba yabizira.
• MU GIFU N’AMARA iyo zigezemo nibwo umwana ahitwa akaruka ugasanga umwuma uramuhitanye iyo utarebye neza.
• MU MUTWE iyo izo virus zigezemo, umwana arwara mugiga, ubwonko bukangirika, umwana akagagara, agata ubwenge(coma) n’ububi bwabyo byose bishobora kumuviramo gupha.
• MU MATWI, izo virus zirahabyimbisha, hakaba hazamo n’amashyira akanatoboka(umuhaha), umwana akaribwa cyane, imyanya ituma twumva ikaba yakwangirika maze kumva bikangirika.
• MU MUTIMA inyama zawo zikabyimba yewe n’ibihu biwukikije bikarekamo amazi maze umutima ukananirwa ntukore akazi kawo neza, amaraso ntatembere neza, umwana akaba yakwitaba Imana.

Nubwo akenshi ibicurane byikiza, kubera ziriya mbamvu zose twavuze haruguru, ibicurane by’abana ntimwagombye kubifata nk’ibyoroshye, ahubwo twagombye kubarinda ibituma babirwara( biziba amazuru maze udukoko tukabigenderaho tukibaruka tukaba twinshi):

• ibintu byose bitumuka nk’umukungu, amoya, intanga z’indabyo, imyenda ya coton ishaje,
• imiyaga cyane cyane ikonje,
• kunywera itabi iruhande rwabo,
• kubegera kandi urwaye grippe.

Icyo gukora iyo umwana yafashwe:

• Kumurinda ibintu byose bitera kuziba amazuru twavuze haruguru
• Kwirinda gukoresha ingufu nyinshi (kuruhuka)
• Kumuha ibinyobwa byinshi kuko muguhumeka nabi atakaza amazi menshi,
• Kureba muganga kugirango mufate ingamba zo kuzibura amazuru, ni biba na ngombwa amwongerere umwuka n’imiti imufasha igihe za nyama zifitiye umubiri akamaro kurusha izindi zafashwe.

Sobanukirwa ibirebana n'Ifishi yo Gukurikirana Imyaka n’Ibiro by’Umwana

Ifishi yo Gukurikirana Imyaka n’Ibiro by’Umwana:
Iyi fishi ikoreshwa mu kuzuza amakuru arebana n’imikurire y’umwana uko igihe kigenda. Ayo makuru yandikwa ku ifishi akaba ari imyaka n’ibiro by'umwana. Mu RWANDA hari gahunda ya Buri kwezi, aho ababyeyi bakangurirwa gupimisha abana babo ku bajyanama b'ubuzima. Umujyanama wubuzima akaba aba agomba gupima ibiro by’abana bose bari mu gace ukoreramo akandika Imyaka/Ibiro ku mafishi y’imikurire yabo.
Icyo iriya fishi isobanura:
Umutuku = umwana agomba guhita yoherezwa ku ivuriro.
Umuhondo = Imirire y’umwana igomba kugenzurwa n’umuryango ukigishwa uburyo bwo guha umwana ifunguro ryuzuye.
Icyatsi kibisi = umwana afite ubuzima bwiza. Umuryango ugomba gushimirwa no gukomeza ishyaka mu kugaburira umwana neza.

Impengeri cyangwa se utubyimba two ku mubiri, ushobora kutwirinda ukaturinda n'abo mubana

IMPENGERI CYANGWA UTUBYIMBA
Reba no ku miswa yo mu birenge.
Impengeri ni utubyimba duto duterwa na virusi ituma abana bazana uduheri, ntibikunze kuba ku bantu bakuru. Abakunda kurwara impengeri cyane cyane ni abantu bafite uruhu rwumye n'abana bafite uruhu rurwaragurika. Igihe cyo kwandura gisimburana kuva ku ibyumweru bibiri kugeza ku byumweru bitandatu.
Impengeri akenshi zimara amezi, rimwe na rimwe zikamara imyaka kandi aho zivuye ntizihasiga inkovu.
Umwana uzirwaye ntabwo abagomba kwirindwa kwegera abandi, ngo bimubuze kujya ku kigo cy'incuke cyangwa ngo bimibuze kujya ku ishuri. Impengeri cyangwa utubyimba ubusanzwe turikiza nta wundi muti uhambaye bisaba.
Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara:

• Agahengeri kaba kangana na milimetero ebyiri urebeshe amaso agahengeri kaba kangana n'agaheri gasanzwe ariko mo hagati ushobora kubonamo akantu.
• Impengeri zishobora kuba ari mbarwa, zirenga icumi cyangwa zirenga ijana.
• Akenshi impengeri ziza ahantu hari uruhu rworoshye nko ku kibero, cyangwa se mu kwaha.
• Iyo kaje ari kamwe kamwe biragoye kumenya ko ari zo.
Uko wavura impengeri ku giti cyawe:
• Irinde kuhakobora.
• Wishima mu mpengeri.
• Kwisiga amavuta asanzwe/amavuta ya hidrokorutizone(Hydrocortizone) ashobora gutuma uzirwaye yoroherwa.
• Isuku y'intoki ni ingenzi!
Itabaze ibitaro bikwegereye cyangwa ikigo nderabuzima cyawe, niba:
• Impengeri ari nini cyane cyangwa ari nyinshi cyane.
• Aho impengeri ziri hokera, hatukura cyangwa hatutumbye
• Utarakize kandi waragerageje kwivurira mu rugo.

Ni gute nafasha umwana wange urwaye ibicurane? Ni ryari najya kureba Muganga? Ese kumwivurira nabishobora? Ni iyihe miti nagura muri farumasi?

IBICURANE KU BANA

Ibimenyetso Umwana ashobora kugaragaza:
• Gufunga mu mazuru
• Kuzana ibimyira
• kubabara mu mihogo

• Kugira umuriro, kumva ufite imbeho
• Inkorora itangira kuza hagati y'iminsi ibiri, kandi birasanzweko iy'inkorora imaze igihe kirekire,
ibindi bimenyetso by'uburwayi biba bisa nibyashize
• Ibicurane bimara akenshi hejuru y'icyumweru
 kwitsamura...

Dore uko wavura  Umwana wawe mbere yo kujya kwa muganga:
• Ukore kuburyo umwana anywa ibintu bihagije!
• Umuti ugabanya ububabare no kubyimbirwa (ibuprofeeni) n'umuti ukiza ububabare cynagwa
ugabanya umuriro (parasetamoli) ni imiti ikomeye igabanya umuriro uterwa n'ibicurane kandi
ugakiza no kutamererwa neza mu mubiri. Urugero rw'umuti uha umwana ruterwa n'imyaka n'ibiro
bye! Bariza ubundi busobanuro kuri farumasi! Ntuzahe umwana asetosalisiliya.
• Impapuro zagenewe kwipfunisha ni umuti w'ibicurane. Koresha impapuro zagenwe kwipfunisha
zikoreshwa rimwe zigahita zijugunywa!
• Gufunga amazuru no kuzana ibimyira byinshi bishobora koroshwa n'umuti ugurirwa kuri farumasi
w'ibitonyanga bashyira mu mazuru/umuti batera mu mazuru cyangwa umuti w'amazi
utonganyirizwa mu mazuru.
• Ku gitanda umwana urwaye ibicurane aryamaho ni byiza kwegura igice umwana ashyiraho umutwe,
urugero ukacyegurisha umusego cyangwa ugashyira ibitntu ku maguru y' igitanda cy'amwana.
• Kwiyuka mbese guhumeka umwuka ufite ubushyuhe bwa dogere 40 - 44, ukawuhumekeramo
inshuro nyinshi cyangwa umwanya muto akawuhumekeramo bishobora kugabanura ibicurane.
Wumvise kwiyuka bitakumereye neza, ntiwakwirirwa ubikomeza.
• Imiti ikiza inkorora akenshi ni mike. Bariza kuri farumasi uko umuti w' inkorora wukoresha.
• Antibiyotike ntabwo ikiza uburwayi bwatewe na za virusi, nta nubwo bayikoresha mu kuvura
ibicurane.

Ushobora kwitabaza ibitaro cyangwa ikigo nderabuzima cyawe, niba:

1. Umwana afite umuriro mwinshi kandi akaba yacitse intege.
2. Umwana ari guhumeka vuba vuba cyangwa ari kumara umwanya adahumeka.
3. Byumvikana neza ko umwana ari gusemeka.
4. Ubona umwana arushaho kuremba nubwo wamuhaye umuti ugabanya ububabare.
5. Amaranye umuriro iminsi irenze itatu.
6. Umuriro wari wamanutse ariko nyuma y'iminsi mike ukazamuka.
7. Umwana atangiye kujya azana ingonera ku maso.
8. Ibicurane bimaze igihe kiri hejuru y'ibyumweru bibiri.
9. Icya ngombwa nuko umwana aba ameze neza muri rusange. Iyo umwana ameze nk'uwahwereye, aba agomba kuzanwa kwa muganga, ngo abaganga bamusuzume.

AKAMARO K'UMUNEKE MU UMUBIRI WAWE

AKAMARO K'UMUNEKE

Icy'ibanze twawumenyaho: Umuneke ni ikiribwa kiboneka ahantu henshi kwisi, ndetse no mu Rwanda ikaba iboneka ahantu hose. Iki kiribwa kikaba gihabwa agaciro gake mu Rwanda ndetse hakaba hari na bamwe banga kugifungura ngo ni ikiribwa cy'abana ariko nk'uko tugiye kubibona gifite akamaro gakomeye kuko gifite ama vitamini asaga 11 ariko reka tuvuge make :
Intungamubiri ziba mu muneke:

Vitamin B6 21.5%

Vitamin C 17.1%
Manganese 16%
Fibers(fibres)[zirwanya kwituma nabi(constipation)] 12.2%
Potassium 12%
Calories5%
Akamaro kawo:Umuneke ni ikiribwa gikenewe kubantu bose kuva kumwana ukageza ku muntu mukuru (abasaza).
Abantu bakora imyitozo ngorora mubiri babona imbaraga bikomotse mu kurya umuneke kuko umuneke ukize kuri potassium.Uyu munyungugu wa potasiyumu ukaba ufite akamaro kanini cyane ku mikorere y'imikaya yaba iyo mu mubiri hasanzwe cyangwa se ifasha umutima gutera kuko iyo umuntu yawubuze mu mubiri we umutima we utera nabi cyane kandi agakunda kurwara icyo bita ibinya cyangwa gufatwa n'imbwa.
Umuneke niyo nkomoko nyayo ya potassium(imyunyungugu) kuko nk'uko twabibonye iyi myunyu ngugu ifasha gukora neza ku muvuduko wamaraso ndetse n’umutima .

Kurya umuneke umwe ku munsi bifasha umubiri kwirinda umuvuduko wamaraso(Hypertension).
Umuneke wamenyekanye bitewe n'uko ufite ubushobozi bwo kurinda igifu ibisebe(Gastric Ulcers). bitewe n'uko ushobora kurwanya acide iba mugifu. Ndetse ishobora no gutuma umubiri uhangana n'ibindi bisebe bishobora kwangiriza umubiri. 
Umubyeyi wawe ashobora kuba yarakubwiye ko mu kurinda amaso yawe uzajya ukunda gukoresha caroti ukiri muto kugirango ahore areba neza,ariko abantu bageze mu zabukuru nabo babona umuneke mu rwego rwo kurinda amaso yabo.
Ibindi twazirikana ku muneke:

Umuneke ninkomoko ikomeye ya vitamini zikurikira :
Vitamini A ifasha mu kurinda amenyo,igikuriro,imikorere y’umubiri n’izindi.
B6 Ifasha umubiri mukugira ubudahangarwa,ikuza imikorere myiza y ‘ubwonko ndetse n’umutima n’ibindi.
C ifasha mu gukiza,ifasha imikurire y’ingingo n’ibindi….
D ifasha umubiri mu kwinjiza imyunyu ngugu.(calcium), iyo nayo igafasha mu gukomera kw'amagufa.
Umuneke ni ikiribwa gitangaje kubantu bakeneye kugabanya ibiro.
Wari uziko umuntu uriye umuneke mbere yo gutangira akazi cyangwa se umurimo runaka bishobora gutuma akorana imbaraga n’umwete mugihe kirekire.

AKAMARO K'INYANYA MU MUBIRI WAWE

DORE ICYO INYANYA ZIMAZE MU MUBIRI WAWE

Iby'ibanze twazimenyaho: Inyanya ni kimwe mu biribwa byagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kurinda ubuzima bw’umuntu.Byaragaragaye ko inyanya ari kimwe mu biribwa bifite akamaro ntagereranywa ku buzima bw’umuntu, kuko  uretse kuba zikungahaye mu ntungamubiri, zinafite ubushobozi bwo kurinda

umubiri indwara zitandukanye.
Intungamubiri zifitemo n'akamaro kazo: Inyanya  zikungahaye kuri vitamin C kandi zibonekamo imyunyungugu(Minerals) ya Manyeziyumu(Mg), Fer, zink, cuivre n’indi myinshi ifasha umubiri kumererwa neza.

Birazwi ko inyanya zishobora gufasha umubiri guhorana itoto kuko zifite "lycogene”, irwanya gusaza k’uruhu.

Inyanya kandi ngo zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ikibazo cyo kubura amazi mu mubiri(Dehydration), ndetse ngo uwaziriye bimufasha kudahura n’ikibazo cyo kunanirwa kwituma(constipation) kuko zifite umunyungugu wa potasiyumu, utuma umuntu yituma neza, kandi uyu munyungugu wa potasiyumu ufite akamaro kanini cyane ku mikorere y'imikaya yaba iyo mu mubiri hasanzwe cyangwa se ifasha umutima gutera kuko iyo umuntu yawubuze mu mubiri we umutima we utera nabi cyane kandi agakunda kurwara icyo bita ibinya cyangwa gufatwa n'imbwa.

Inyanya kandi ngo zigira uruhare mu kurwanya umubyibuho ukabije(Obesity), ndetse ngo kuba 93% byazo bigizwe n’amazi, bituma zishobora guhangana n’ikibazo twigeze kuvuga haruguru cyo kubura amazi mu mubiri, kubura amazi mu mubiri rero bikaba ari bibi cyane kuko nk'uko tubizi kugirango umubiri ubashe gukora, ukenera amazi haba mu gusohora imyanda, kurwanya indwara  cyangwa no gutuma ibindi umubiri ukora bigenda neza byose amazi abigiramo uruhare. 

Ikindi ni uko  inyanya zifasha mu igogorwa ry’ibiryo(Digestion), bityo abantu bakaba bagirwa inama zo kujya bazifata kenshi gashoboka.

Ku bijyanye n’uko inyanya ziribwa,  bivuga ko ari byiza kuzirya ari mbisi kuko ari bwo ziba zigifite umwimerere wa za ntungamubiri n'imyunyungugu twavuze haruguru.

Aha kandi binavugwa ko mbere yo kurya urunyanya ari rubisi, ari ngombwa kubanza kururonga neza kugira ngo imiti baba bararuteye rukiri mu murima ishireho, ndetse n’izindi mikorobe rushobora kuba rufite ziveho.

Inyanya kandi  zishobora gukorwamo umutobe cyangwa se zigatekwa mu biryo nka kimwe mu birungu, gusa ngo iyo zitetswe zitakaza umwimerere wazo, ni ukuvuga za ntungamubiri twavuze haruguru hari icyo zigabanukaho.

Ku muntu wariwe n’inzuki, ibitangangurirwa cyangwa se utundi dusimba, agirwa inama yo gusiga umutobe w’inyanya aho yarumwe kuko zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ububabare bw’aho yarumwe

Umutobe w'inyanya

kandi hakaba hanakira vuba.
 Source: Edited from izuba Rirashe