URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE, ni ryari bavuga ko umwana yavutse ananiwe? Dore Ingaruka bigira ku mwana, Soma uko mwabyitwaramo igihe mufite umwana wavutse unaniwe. Soma uko wakwirinda kuzabyara umwana unaniwe.

ESE URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE RUZAHURA N'IBIHE BIBAZO? ABABYEYI BABYIFATAMO BATE?

1. URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE BISOBANUYE IKI? Iyo abanyarwanda bavuze ngo umwana yavutse ananiwe, biba bishatse kuvuga ko umubiri w'umwana (cyane cyane ubwonko) uba utagerwaho cyangwa ugerwaho n'umwuka muke witwa ogisigeni (oxygene:O2) kandi ufite ubushobozi bucye bwo kwivanaho umwuka mubi witwa diyokiside ya karibone ( dioxyde de carbone:CO2). Ibi bituma umubiri ugira aside (acides) nyinshi, bikaba byanatuma umwana apfa.
   
2. KUBERA IKI URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE KANDI RUBA RUMEZE NEZA MBERE Y'UKO MAMA WARWO AGIRA IBISE? Hari ibice by'umubiri nk'ubwonko bizahara cyane iyo okisijeni (oxygène) ibaye nke cyangwa ikabura. Akenshi ubwonko buzahazwa n’indwara karemano (maladies génétiques, métaboliques ou malformatives). Kandi bizwi ko ubwonko aribwo bugenga ubwenge n'imikorere y'umubiri :ubwonko nibwo butuma uruhinja rwonka, ruhumeka, rumenya guseka, kwicara, gukambakamba, kugenda, kuvuga no kureba, ni nabwo bugenga imibyibuhire n'imikorere myiza y' inyama z'umubiri.
   Burya iyo umuntu ahumeka, ikiba kigamijwe ni uko umwuka uva mu bihaha ukajyanwa n'amaraso mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri aho uwo mwuka witwa okisigeni (oxygene:O2) ukoreshwa mugukora ingufu umubiri ukenera mu mirimo yawo itandukanye. Ku ruhinja rukiri munda ya nyina, uwo mwuka ruwukura mu maraso ya nyina ukarugeraho uciye mu rureli. Kubera impamvu zitandukanye, mugihe umubyeyi ari kunda, uwo mwuka ntugera kuruhinja cyangwa ukarugeraho ari muke.
   Ingero ni nkizi zikurukira:
   Umubiri w’uruhinja (cyane cyane ubwonko) ushobora kuzahazwa n’imiti nyina aba yafashe (nk’imiti ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya kuribwa: pethidine, morphine,…) cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu gusinziriza umubyeyi iyo yabyaye abazwe (anesthésiques).
   • urureli rwizingazingira ku ijosi ry'uruhinja,
   • urureli rujya imbere y'umutwe w'uruhinja uri kumanuka umwana avuka maze umutwe ugabyinagaza urwo rureli,
   • ingobyi y’umwana ( aho urureli rufatira kumura w'umubyeyi) ikagira ikibazo nko kwomoka maze amaraso akavira mugitsina, bityo umwuka ugera ku mwana ukaba muke.
3. IBINTU UMUNTU YAGENDERAHO AVUGA KO URUHINJA RURI BUVUKE RUNANIWE mbere yo kuvuka:
   Nyuma y’ivuka:
   • imiti umubyeyi aba yafashe atwite cyangwa abyara kubera ibibazo bitandukanye kandi izwi mu kuzahaza uruhinja: péthidine, morphine, imiti ikoreshwa mu gusinziriza umubyeyi nk’iyo abyaye abazwe (anésthésiques);
   • urureli rwizingazingira ku ijosi ry’uruhinja cyangwa rupyinagazwa n’umutwe w’uruhinja igihe ruba rurimo kuvuka;
   • ingobyi y’umwana yomoka ku mura kandi uruhinja rukiri munda ya nyina, maze umubyeyi akavirirana, uruhinja rukabona umwuka muke;
   • uruhinja rudakura neza mu nda ya nyina;
   • uruhinja rukina gake cyangwa rudakina munda ya nyina;
   • umutima w’uruhinja utera gake igihe uruhinja rukiri munda ya nyina;
   • amazi y’isuha asa n’icyatsi kandi avuze ;
   • uruhinja ruvuka igihe kitaragera (prematurity)
   • ikigereranyo cy’APGAR (score d’APGAR) cyiri hasi cyane ku munota wa gatanu cyangwa wa cumi nyuma yo kuvuka (munsi y’amanota 7/10); Icyitonderwa : ikigereranyo cy’APGAR giha amanota (kuva kuri zero kugeza ku icumi)uruhinja gikurikije uko uruhinja ruhumeka, uko umutima warwo utera,ingufu rufite, uko rwinyagambura n’uko rusa (bijyanye n’uko umwuka wa okisijeni ungana mu mubiri);
   • uruhinja rugenda runanirwa guhumeka rukamara amasegonda arenze makumyabiri rudahumeka(apnées);
   • aside (acides) nyinshi mu mubiri (pH<7 .2="" font="">
   • uruhinja ruba rwacitse integer (hypotonie), rugagara (convulsions) cyangwa rwataye ubwenge (coma) ;
   • uruhinja rufite umwijima n’impyiko byangiritseho maze ntibibe bigikora neza ;
4. KUNANIRWA BY’URUHINJA BISHYIRWA MU BYICIRO BITATU Abaganga bashyira ubwangirike bw’ubwonko mu byiciro bitatubahereye ku cyiza kugera ku kibi :
   
   • icyiciro cya mbere : ubwonko buba bwangiritse ku kigereranyo gito : usibye ko uruhinja rwikanga birenze urugero n’imbaraga zo konka zikagabanukaho gato, ubundi ruba ruhumeka neza, kandi rurakira burundu rukazakura neza nta kibazo na kimwe, rumeze nk’izindi mpinja zavutse zidafite ikibazo,
   • icyiciro cya kabiri :ubwonko bwangirikaho ku kigereranyo giciriritse : Uruhinja ruba rufite intege nkeya, imbaraga zo konka zikaba nke cyane(kuburyo biba ngombwa kurugaburira wifashishije agapira gashyirwa mu gifu kanyuze mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa no mu muhogo :sonde asogatrique). Urwo ruhinja kandi rugagara kenshi (convulsions), ariko ruba ruhumeka neza . Muri iki kiciri, abana bamwe bakura ari bazima ntibazagire ikibazo na kimwe, ariko abandi bakura bagira ibibazo bitandukanye nk’igicuri n’ibindi bibazo twasobanuye haruguru .
   • Icyiciro cya gatatu : ubwonko buba bwangiritse cyane : Uruhinja ruba nta ngufu na nkeya rufite, rugagara buri kanya, ntirubasha konka habe no kumira, ruhumeka nabi cyangwa ntirubashe guhumeka na gato. Iyo rubashije kubaho, byanze bikunze rukurana ibibazo bikomeye mu buzima bwarwo (twasobanuye haruguru), rukazaba «ikimara » (débilté mentale).
5. INGARUKA ZISHOBORA KUBA KURUHINJA RWAVUTSE RUNANIWE. Iyo umwana yagize ubwonko bwangiritseho cyane, ntagira ubwenge nk'abandi bana bavutse neza. Uwo mwana ntamenya cyangwa amenya nabi cyangwa agira ubukererwe mu kumenya kwonka, kumira, guseka , kwicara, gukambakamba, kugenda, kureba, kumva, gutekereza. Muri urwo rwego kandi, inyama z'amaboko n'amaguru ntizikura neza mugihe amagufa yo akura neza, bityo inyama zigakwega amagufa maze amaboko, ibiganza, amaguru n'ibirenge bikaremara, kugenda no gukoresha amaboko bikagorana. Bitewe n'igice cy'ubwonko cyafashwe, uko kuremara biba ku kaboko kamwe cyangwa akaguru kamwe cyanwa amaboko yombi gusa cyangwa amaguru yombi gusa cyangwa akaboko n'akaguru by'uruhande rumwe cyangwa amaboko n'amaguru byose hamwe. No mu maso hashobora kuremara (paralysie faciale), n'ibindi…(cerebral palsy in english ou infirmité motrice cérébrale en français). Kutonka no kutamira neza bituma umwana agira imirire mibi harimo na bwaki, bikaba byamuviramo no gupfa. Kutamira neza bituma umwana akunda gukorwa maze ibyo yamiraga bikaboneza mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, agahumeka nabi, agakunda kurwara umusonga bikaba byamuviramo gupfa. MURI MAKE, ibibazo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe rushobora guhura nabyo cyane cyane iyo rwazahaye ku kigereranyo cya kabiri cyangwa cya gatatu ni :
   
   • urupfu akivuka ;
   • kuba ikimara ntagire icyo yimarira mu buzima ;
   • kugira paralizi (paralysie) y’ibice bitandukanye by’umubiri,
   • kurwara igicuri ;
   • gutinda kumenya cyangwa kutabasha kwonka no kumira ;
   • gukorwa kenshi no kurwara kenshi umusonga ;
   • guhumeka nabi ;
   • gusinzira nabi ;
   • kutumva neza ;
   • kutabona, kureba imirari ;
   • gutinda kuvuga cyangwa kutavuga ;
   • guhetama urutirigongo ;
   • kugira ingingo zidakomeye ;
   • kugira amazi menshi mu mutwe (hydrocéphalie) ;
   • kuza (reflux gastro-oesophagien);
   • kwicwa n’inzara kandi ibyo kurya bitabuze (kubera kutonka no kutamira neza) maze ntibabyibuhe bakanarwara bwaki ;
   • kutamenya kunyara neza maze inkari ntishire neza mu ruhago, bityo umwana agakunda kugira za mikorobi mu nkari no mu mbyiko ;
   • gukunda gushishuka umubiri ;
   • gukunda kurwara amenyo ;
   • kugira ubwenge buke, bigatuma yiga nabi;
   • n’ibindi..
6. BABYEYI, MWABYIFATAMO MUTE IGIHE UMWANA WANYU YAVUTSE ANANIWE ? Iyo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe ku kigereranyo cya mbere(kunanirwa gake), nta bwoba kuko urwo ruhinja ruzamera neza nk’izindi mpinja zavutse nta kibazo;
   Iyo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe ku kigereranyo cya kabiri (kunanirwa kuringaniye),
   
   • gusuzumisha umwana buri kwezi kugirango muganga azavumbure hakiri kare ibibazo maze anabishakire ibisubizo hakiri kare,
   • kunywa umuti w’igicuri kugeza umwana amaze byibura amezi atatu atagagara; ?iyo uruhinja rwavutse runaniwe ku kigereranyo cya gatatu (kunanirwa cyane), ruhura byanze bikunze n’ibibazo byose twavuze haruguru. Ni ugukora kuburyo umwana azahara gake gashoboka:
   • niba adashobora konka, reba abaganga bagufashe kumugaburira bakoresheje agapira kagera mu gifu kanyuze mu kanywa cyangwa mu mazuru no mu muhogo (sonde naso-gastrique),
   • niba akunda gukorwa no gukorora kenshi no guhumeka nabi, reba muganga arebe niba umwana agomba kujya ku mwuka no gufata imiti y’umusonga (pneumonie);
   • niba umwana afite umubiri uhinamiranye,atabona neza, atumva neza, ni ukwifashisha abagorozi (kinesithérapie, orthophonie,…);
   • niba umwana afite ibibazo by’ubwenge buke mu ishuri, kumushyira mu mashuri yihariye mu bihugu biyafite
7. UMUBYEYI UTWITE YAKORA IKI NGO URUHINJA RWE RUTAZAVUKA RUNANIWE ?
   • mu gihe atwite, umubyeyi agomba kwisuzumisha kenshi kumuganga ubyaza (gynéco-obstétricien)uzamucisha mu cyuma (échographie) byibura buri gihembwe. Ibyo bituma umubyeyi ashobora kugirwa inama yo kuba yavanamo inda nk’iyo umuganga asanze uruhinja rufite ubwonko buremye nabi kandi inda itaragira amezi agira uruhinja umuntu wuzuye (inda ifite ibyumweru 22 ) ;
   • kwivuza neza indwara ziterwa n’udukoko (infections) ;
   • kugerageza kwirinda ibintu byose byatuma umubyeyi abyara igihe kitaragera (prématurité) nk’imirimo iruhanije cyane cyangwa isaba ingufu nyinshi ;
   • kugerageza kwirinda ibintu byose byatuma uruhinja ruvukana ibiro bike (hypotrophie) nk’imirire mibi y’umubyeyi ;
   • kwihutira kwa muganga igihe cyose umubyeyi utwite yumva uruhinja rudakina neza (gukina byagabanutse) cyangwa rutakiri gukina ;
   • mu gihe cy’ibise umubyeyi ari kwa muganga, iyo yumvise uruhinja rutagikina neza, kubibwira vuba na bwangu muganga kugira ngo nibiba na ngombwa umubyeyi abyare bamubaze.