Wari uzi ko indwara ya Diabete ishobora gutera ubuhumyi?

Birashoboka ko benshi twaba tuzi indwara ya diyabeti, ariko si benshi bazi ubukana bwayo. Bumwe mu bubi bwa Diyabeti rero harimo n’ubuhumyi. Nyamara ariko siko abantu bose bafite iyi ndwara bahinduka impumyi. Birashoboka cyane rero kubwirinda.

Ese bigenda gute ngo umurwayi wa diabete ahume ?

Uruba www.webmd.com rwemeza ko hari uburyo bwinshi Diyabeti ishobora kwangiza ijisho, ariko hano tugiye kureba bumwe muri ubwo buryo. Ubundi mu ijisho imbere harimo agahu (retine) gashinzwe gukusanya amashusho yose mbere yuko ajya mu bwonko. Diyabeti rero yangiza aka gahu, bityo amashusho « Ni ukuvuga ibyo tubona » ntibibe bikibonye uko bigera ku bwonko. Iyo aka gahu gatangiye kwangirika, umurwayi ntago abimenya, bityo buhoro buhoro umurwayi akazagenda atabona neza. Akenshi iyo atakibona neza, ijisho riba ryarangiritse cyane ku buryo biba bitagifite igaruriro. Niyo mpamvu umurwayi wa Diyabeti agomba gusuzumisha amaso ye ku buryo buhoraho, akabikora byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.

Ese hari ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko amaso agiye kwangizwa na diyabeti ?

Muri rusange uko Diyabeti yangiza amaso nta bimenyetso bigaragaza. Ntugomba rero gutegereza ko ubona ibimenyetso kugira ngo utangire gusuzumisha amaso yawe Cyakora hari bimwe mu bimenyetso ushobora kubona, iyo amaso ageze ku gice cya nyuma cyo kwangirika :

-    Kuva amaraso mu maso, bigaragazwa no kubona ibintu by’ibihu mu maso. Icyo gihe ugomba kwihutira kujya kwa muganga kuko iyo bitagenze gutyo , bishobora kukuviramo ubuhumyi.
Uku kwangirika kw’amaso se kuravurwa?

Biravurwa ariko umurwayi niwe ubigiramo uruhare runini.

-    Iyo uku kwangirika kugitangira, nta muti muganga aha umurwayi. Ikiba gikenewe ni uko umurwayi agabanya isukari mu mubiri. Ni ukuvuga, gukurikiza indyo yategetswe na muganga, ndetse no gufata neza imiti. Izi ngamba zombie ziba zihagije kugira ngo amaso adakomeza kwangirika.

-    Iyo binaniranye, niho muganga amuvura akoreshaje imirasire y’urumuri rwitwa razeri. Iyi mirasire ituma umurwayi yongera kureba ariko bitari neza nkuko yari asanzwe areba mbere yo kurwara. Iyi mirasire kandi ishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, ntago bayigutera rimwe gusa ngo bibe birarangiye.

Niba rero ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bwa Diyabeti, ni byiza gusuzumisha amaso yawe byibura rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo bakurebere ko nta kibazo bityo uvurwe hakiri kare. Ibuka kandi gukurikiza neza indyo ndetse no gufata neza imiti, kuko kwirinda biruta kwivuza.

Ese ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 n’iyo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Diyabete izwiho ko ari indwara iterwa n’ikigero cy’isukari yo mu maraso kiba kiri hejuru, ni imwe mu ndwara zikomereye isi yose muri iyi minsi dore ko iyo wayirwaye iba ari twibanire. Diyabete rero irimo amoko abiri ari yo : Diyabete 1 na Diyabete 2 kandi zikaba zitandukanye ari nako abazirwaye bagaragaza ibimenyetso bitandukanye kandi zikavurwa ku buryo na bwo butandukanye. Umaze kumenya ubwoko bwa Diyabete urwaye, ushobora no kumenya uburyo wakitwara; dore itandukaniro rya biriya byiciro bya Diyabete:

Ikizitera

Diyabete 1 ishobora kugaragara ku myaka iyo ari yo yose cyane cyane mu bantu bakiri bato, iterwa n’uko impindura (pancreas) iba itagishoboye gukora imisemburo yitwa “Insulin” ihagije umubiri uba ukeneye dore ko uyu musemburo ari wo umubiri ukoresha kugira ngo isukari yo mu maraso ibashe gukoreshwa ikaba akenshi iterwa n’uruhererekane rwo mu miryango. Kimwe na Diyabete 1, Diyabete 2 na yo iterwa n’umubiri utabasha gukoresha neza “Insulin” uba ufite ngo ubashe guhindura isukari yose yo mu maraso mo iby’umubiri uba ukeneye.

Ibimenyetso

N’ubwo bimwe mu bimenyetso bigenda bisa, hari itandukaniro rito kuko abarwayi bose baba aba Diyabete 1 cyangwa Diyabete 2 bose bagira ikibazo cyo kugira inyota ikabije, inzara idasanzwe no gukunda kwihagarika kenshi bidasanzwe, gutakaza ibiro, umunaniro uhoraho rimwe na rimwe ntibarebe neza. Ariko ibi bimenyetso bikagaragara hakiri kare cyane ku barwayi ba Diyabete 1 ugereranyije n’aba Diyabete 2 kuko bo bashobora no kumara imyaka igera kuri 2 bataramenya ko barwaye Diyabete. Abarwayi kandi ba Diyabete 2 bashobora kugira amabara yirabura adasanzwe ku ruhu.

Umuti

Kuby’ibyago ibi byiciro bya Diyabete byose umuntu arabibana ariko ugahabwa amabwiriza ndetse ukanakurikiranirwa hafi na Muganga ku buryo nyabwo bwo kugenzura isukari yo mu maraso. Kuko abantu babana na Diyabete 1 umubiri wabo uba utabasha gukora “Insulin” ihagije, baba bakeneye kujya baterwa “Insulin” kugira ngo umubiri ube ari yo ukoresha.

Diyabete 2 yo abarwayi bayo baba basabwa kubahiriza inama bahabwa na muganga z’amafunguro baba bagomba gufata kugira ngo isukari itazamuka ndetse tutirengagije gukora imyitozo ngorora mubiri.

Sobanukirwa n'indwara ya Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 (type1 diabetes) yibasira abana bakiri bato.

Ubusanzwe, kwa muganga, bavuga ko umuntu arwaye diabete igihe bamupimye bagasanga amasukuri afite mu mubiri ari ku kigero kirenze igikenewe cyo hejuru. Diabete type1 ishobora kwibasira abantu bose ariko ahanini ikunze gusuzumwa cyane ku bana bato n'urubyiruko.

Umusemburo wa Insulin ukorwa n'uturemangingo tw’impindura (Beta cells), ibura ryawo mu mubiri n'iryo muzi w'indwara ya type1 diabete ku bana bato, ubusanzwe insulin ituma amasukari yo mu mubiri (glucose) yinjira mu turemangingo hanyuma natwo tukayakoresha mu gutanga ingufu umuntu akenera ngo abashe guora ikintu runaka.igihe insulin yabuze, umubiri nawo nta kintu uba ugishoboye kumaza glucose bigatuma iba nyinshi mu maraso bigatuma ahita agaragaza ibimenyetso bya diabete type1.

Ikintu gituma insulin ibura, hakekwa ko habaho kwibeshya k'umubiri ugakora abasirikare basenyagura uturemangingo dushinzwe gukora umusemburo wa insulin mu mpindura, biva mu gisekuru bijya mu kindi mu miryango bikazaba uruhererekane (hereditary).

Umurwayi wa Diabete type 1 ashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bikurikira:

•    Kugira inyota ihoraho
•    Gusonza cyane
•    Gugira umunaniro mwinshi
•    Kubona ibicyezicyezi
•    Gukandagira ukumva ibirenge bidafashe hasi
•    Gutakaza ibiro
•    Kunyaragura cyane

Igihe ubonye umwana wawe cyangwa umuvandimwe agaragaje bimwe mu ibyo bimenyetso wagombye kuwihutana kwa muganga ko ingaruka za diabete type1 ni mbi, zishobora guteza akaga ku mutima, ku maso, ku mpyiko, ku myakura no ku menyo n'ishinya.

Ese indwara ya Diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2 iteye ite? Ni nde ushobora kuyirwara?

Kugeza umunsi wa none nta muti urasohoka ukiza indwara ya Diyabete burundu.

Mbese Diyabete ni indwara ki ?

Nk`uko igitabo nifashishije kitwa “Lange Curent Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2008” kibivuga, Diyebete ni uruhurirane rw`ihungabana mu mubiri w`umuntu guturutse ku izamuka rikabije ry`ibipimo by`isukari mu maraso. Ibyo biterwa n`ibintu bibiri :

- Kubura k`umusemburo (hormone) witwa insuline.
- Kuba uwo musemburo witwa insuline utabasha kwakirwa n`umubiri (Resistance) bifatanyije n`uko insuline itarekurwa ku rugero rukenewe.

Hari amoko abiri ya Diyabete:

-Diyabete bita Type I, iterwa n`uko utunyabuzima remezo (cellules, cells) twitwa Islet B twangiritse. Iboneka cyane mu bana no mu ngimbi
-Diyabete bita Type II, niyo iboneka kenshi. Ubundi ku muntu muzima iyo Insulin itakiriwe neza ngo ikore akazi ishinzwe mu mubiri, habaho kongerwa mu bwinshi byayo, ariko kuri iyi Diyabete, ntabwo habaho kwiyongera k`ubwinshi bw`uwo musemburo. Iyi

Diyabete iboneka kenshi ku bantu begeze ku myaka ya za 40, ariko ntibivuze ko n`abandi batayirwara.

Diyabete y`ubwoko bwa 2 itangira buhoro buhoro

Ni indwara itangaje kuko yongera amahirwe yo kurwara indwara z`umutima n`imiyoboro y`maraso (cardiovascular diseases). Ni ngombwa kumenya ko iyo ndwara iza buhoro buhoro kuko mu ntangiriro igaragaza utumenyetso ducye cyane ku buryo uyirwaye ashobora kumara imyaka myinshi ataramenya ko ayirwaye.

Ikibabaje ni uko muri icyo gihe igenda yangiza umutima n`imiyoboro y`amaraso. Byaba byiza kuyipimisha mbere y`uko igeza igihe iganza uyirwaye.

Niba uri mu bafite amahirwe (ibyago) kurusha abandi yo kuba warwara iyo ndwara bimenye. Mbese abo ni bande ?

1. Ni imwe mu ndwara iva mu muryango (hereditaire). Kuba ufite umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe wayirwaye.
2. Umubyibuho ukabije cyane cyane iyo inda yabyibushye, ibyo bigaragara ku muzenguruko w`urukenyerero (ceinture) kuba gore 80cm, ku bagabo 94cm.
3. Imirire yiganjemo ibinyamavuta bikomoka ku nyamaswa. Kuba kandi iyo mirire ikennye ku mboga n`imbuto.
4. Kuba urwaye indwara y`umuvuduko w`amaraso ukabije (hypertension) ibyo na byo byongera amahirwe yawe yo kuba warwara Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri.
5. Kutanyeganyega (sedentarity lifestyle). Uko udakora imyitozo ni nako wongera amahirwe yawe yo kuyirwara.
6. Kuba wararwaye Diyabete mu gihe cyo gutwita, aha turavuga abagore, iyo yitwa ‘Gestational diabetis”. Kuba umugore kandi yarabyaye umwana munini cyane hejuru ya 4 kg na byo byongera amahirwe mabi.
7. Umuvuduko ukabije w`amaraso (hypertension), ubwiyongere mu maraso bwa triglyceride, kugabanyuka kwa HDL-Cholesterol ari yo cholesterol nziza, hamwe n`ibipimo by`isukari nyinshi mu maraso igihe umuntu atariye.
8. Imyaka yigiye hejuru, Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri yibasira abarengeje imyaka 40 y`amavuko.

Diyabete y`ubwoko bwa kabiri ni indwara yakwirindwa!!! niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi, byaba byiza ubiganiriyeho na muganga. Imenye maze wirinde !!!

Sobanukirwa na bimwe mu bimenyetso ushobora kugaragaza igihe ufite Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2

Indwara ya diabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri(diabete type2) yibasira abantu bose hatitawe ku kigero barimo kandi biragoye kugira ngo umuntu amenye ko ayirwaye. Ibyo rero bituma umubare utari muto wibanira na yo nta wubimenya. Indwara ya diabete ituma intungamubiri za carbohydrates (cyangwa se ibinyamasukari) zagenewe gutanga imbaraga zidakoreshwa zikaba nyinshi mu mubiri bikaviramo umurwayi kugira amasukari menshi mu maraso ye; uko iminsi yicuma bikagenda byongerera umurwayi ibyago byo kurwara umutima, ubuhumyi, kwangirika kw'imyakura n'ukw'inzungano zitandukanye.

Abarwayi benshi ba diabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri iyo ikibafata, ntibakunze guhita bagaragaza ibimenyetso, ariko  igihe umuntu agaragaje imihindagurikire ikurikira ashobora gukeka ko afite diyabete bigatuma yihutira kujya kwa muganga:

1. Inyota ikabije: iyo bimenyetso byayo bibashije kugaragara, inyota iza ku mwanya wa mbere, igakurikirwa no kuma mu kanwa, gushaka kurya cyane no kunyaragura rimwe na rimwe. Hashobora kuza no kugira ibiro byinshi cyangwa kubitakaza.

2. Kuribwa umutwe: iyo amasukari abaye menshi mu maraso, hakurikiraho kuribwa umutwe, kubona ibicyezicyezi no kugira umunaniro mwinshi udasanzwe.

3. kwandura izindi ndwara: inshuro nyinshi diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ntiboneka ahubwo ivumburwa n’uko umurwayi agaragaje izindi ndwara zatewe na yo. Akenshi umurwayi w’ubu bwoko bwa diyabete arangwa n’uko iyo akomeretse akantu gato hakira bigoranye, kwandura indwara zifata urwungano rw'inkari, kwandura indwara zidasanzwe ziterwa na champignons (Fungi) hamwe no kuribwa ku ruhu mu rukenyerero.

4. Kubura ubushake bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina: ibi byo biriganje cyane ku barwayi ba diabete kuko indwara ya diabete yangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso n'imyakura bigana ku myanya ndagagitsina, bigatuma umuntu adashaka kuyikora ndetse n'ubigerageje ntabe yagera kuri bya byishimo bya nyuma. Si ibi gusa kuko diabete ituma n'ububobere bwo mu gitsina gore butaboneka, igatuma n'igitsina cy’umugabo kidafata umurego, abagabo bari hagati ya 35% na 70% babana na diabete bahura n'iki kibazo mu buzima bwabo mu gihe umugore umwe kuri batatu barwaye diabete ahura n'ikibazo cyo kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Hari ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara diabete umuntu ashobora kwirinda ari byo:

-Kugira umubyibuho ukabije

-Kudakora imyitozo ngoraramubiri

-Kunywa itabi

-Gufata indyo ikungahayemo inyama z'imikaya cyangwa ibinure byinshi

-Kurya amasukari menshi

Hari n'ibindi bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara diabete umuntu adashobora kugira icyo akoraho

-Inkomoko: Abanyafurika, Abanyamerika n'Abanyaziya bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara diabete

-Umuntu ufite se, nyina cyangwa undi muvandimwe uyirwaye cyangwa wayirwaye, ibyago bye ni byinshi byo kuyirwara.

-Umuntu ufite imyaka 45 gusubiza hejuru afite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara.