IBICURANE BYO MU BWOKO BW'ALLERGIE, ESE BITERWA N'IKI?UKO WABYIRINDA, DORE UKO BIVURWA!

IBICURANE BYO MU BWOKO BW'ALLERGIE ( ALLERGIC RHINITIS )

UBUNDI ALLERGIE NI IKI, ITERWA NI IKI, UYIGIRA UTE?
Ni ukwivumbura k'umubiri ugaragaza ibimenyetso bidasanzwe mu gihe ukozweho cyangwa ugiwemo n'ikintu runaka kivuye hanze yawo (allergène). Hari uburyo butandukanye allergie yigaragarizamo:

• Gusemeka (asthme ),
• Gushesha ibiheri ku mubiri ( dermatite atopique, eczéma atopique, eczéma),
• Ibicurane (rhinite allergique),
• Gutukura amaso (conjonctivite),
• Kwishimagura umubiri wose,

Iyo umubiri w'umuntu ugira allergie ukozweho cyangwa yinjiwemo n'allergène, umubiri ubifashijwemo n'utugiramubiri tw'ifatizo twitwa ‘mastocytes’ uvubura uburozi nk'ubwitwa ‘histamine’ buwuzahaza maze ukagaragaza ibimenyetso twavuze haruguru. Iyo ‘allergène’ yingiriye mu mwuka, izuru, amaso n'ibihaha nibyo bizahara. Iyo ‘allergène’ yinjiriye mu myanya ibiryo binyuramo, umunywa, igifu n'amara nibyo bizahara. Iyo ‘allergène’ ikoze ku ruhu, uruhu nirwo ruhazaharira. Ariko hari igihe hatazahara gusa aho ‘allergène’ yakoze cyangwa yinjiye, ahubwo ugasanga umubiri wose wazahaye ( allergie généralisée), maze ku bimenyetso twavuze harugauru hakiyongeraho kugabanuka kw'umuvuduko w'amaraso yewe no guta ubwenge ukaba wahita unapfa hatagize igikorwa vuba na bwangu. Ibitera allergie (allergènes) ni byinshi. Twavuga nka :

• Intanga z'ibimera (pollens),
• Udusimba duto cyane (acariens),
• Ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe,
• Uburozi bwo mu nganda(produits chimiques),
• Imiti ivura n'ibindi (medicaments).

IBICURANE BYO MU BWOKO BW'ALLERGIE ni iki?
Ni ibicurane biterwa na za ntanga z'ibimera (pollens) cyangwa na twa dukoko duto cyanes bita acariens dukunze kuba mu byo turyamaho (matelas),imisego, intebe z'amivans, matapi n'umukungugu cyangwa n'amoya y'amatungo, cyangwa na za moisussures. Iyi ndwara irimo ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi ariko budatandukanye cyane:

• Rhinite allergique saisoniere: iyi ifata umuntu ku buryo budahoraho, ikaza ijyanye n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe (saisons). Ikunze kubyuka mu ntangiriro no mu mpera z’ibihe by’ihinga (cyane cyane umuhindo, itumba n’urugaryi, rimwe na rimwe no mu mpeshyi) bikaba bijyanye n’uko muri ibyo bihe haba hari umurama mwinshi mu mwuka.
• Rhinite allergique chronique: iyi iba yarafashe umuntu ku buryo busa nk’aho buhoraho, n’ubwo hari igihe umurwayi wayo agira agahenge.

IBIMENYETSO:

• Amazuru arafungana kandi ukumva wayashimamo kandi akazana utumwira buri kanya,
• Amaso aratukura akabyimba, akazana amarira cyane,
• Kwitsamura kenshi,
• Mu muhogo naho hashobora kukurya,
• Ushobora no kumva umunaniro, uribwa mu mutwe, no guhumeka nabi

TWAKORA IKI NGO IYO ALLERGIE YO KUDUFATA (PREVENTION)?
Kugeza ubu ikintu cyagaragaje ko kirinda umuntu kugira allergie ni ukwirinda umwotsi w'itabi.
Ibindi bintu bikurikira nabyo bishobora kuba byagabanya kugira allergie ku mwana:

• Gutungwa gusa n'amata ya nyina byibura amezi ane yambee y'ubuzima,
• Gutangira kugaburira umwana byibura nyuma y'amezi atandatu avutse,
• Kudatangiza vuba umwana ibiryo bizwi ko bitera allergie nk' ubunyobwa (ubukaranka), amagi, amafi,… ukabu\imutangiza amaze kugira amezi icyenda kugeza ku mwaka,
• Kudasiga umwana amavuta arimo amavuta y'ubunyobwa mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y'ubuzima,
• Kureka itabi ku mugore utwite birinda umwana azabyara,
• Kurwara kenshi indwara ziterwa n'udukoko two mu bwoko bwa virus mu myaka yambere y'ubuzima,
• Guhura kenshi na za allergènes zikomoka ku matungo yo murugo (amacandwe, imvuvu z'uruhu).

Ku bantu bose, ibi bikurikira bishobora kubarinda kugira allergie:

• Guhumeka umwuka utanduye,
• Kurya imbuto n'imboga nyinshi,
• Kurya ibinure bike byo mu bwoko bwa omega-6 biboneka mu mavuta y'ibigori, y'ibihwagari n'aya soya.

IBYO BICURANE BITERWA N'ALLERGIE BIVURWA BITE?
Umuti wa nyawo ni ukwirinda allergène iyo ugize Imana ukayimenya. Ubu mu Rwanda hari ibizamini bikorwa kugirango umenye allergène ikuzahaza maze ukaba wayirinda. Ibyo bizamini bikaba bisigaye bikorerwa mu bitaro bya kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK) muri serivisi y'abana ( n'abantu bakuru barakirwa), ukariha ibihumbi makumyabiri by'amafaranga y'amanyarwanda (20000frws). Kugeza ubu nta bwishingizi na bumwe bubyishingira ngo ariya mafaranga abe yagabanuka. Iyo umaze kumenya ikigutera iyo allergie, umuti nyawo ni ukukirinda. Iyo utarakimenya, ukurikiza ingamba rusange nk’izi zikurikira:

• Kwirinda kujya mu muyaga,
• Kwirinda kujya ahari ibiti byinshi cyangwa indabo nyinshi mu gihe zazanye uruyange,
• Kwirinda ibintu byose bitumuka nk'ibisaswa hasi (amatapi, imikeka n'ibirago n’ibindi bishobora kwihishamo udukoko n’umukungugu), bitashoboka kubyirinda umuntu akabisukura kenshi hakoreshejwe imiti yabugenewe (disinfectant) na aspirateurs
• Gusukura kenshi kandi neza ibisaswa (matela, amashuka, n’ibiringiti)
• Gufungura amadirishya kenshi kugirango inzu igemo umwuka uhagije, bikaba byiza habashije kwinjiramo imirasire y’izuba
• Kwirinda ivumbi, imyotsi utibagiwe n’itabi.

IMITI YAKORESHWA:
Mu bihugu byateye imbere, bagira uburyo bwo kumenyereza umubiri cya kindi umubiri utihanganira buhoro buhoro hakoreshejwe igisa nacyo (desensibirisation). Mu gihe ibyo bidashoboka, nko mu bihugu byacu, iyo iyo ndwara yakaze bakoresha imiti yo mu rwego rwa “antihistaminique”, ariyo Levocetirizine ibarizwamo. Iyi miti iba igamije kugabanya amakare umubiri ukoresha mu kurwanya icyo utihanganira, mu yandi magambo kugabanya allergie. Kubera ko iyi miti itavura kiriya kibazo ahubwo ifasha umubiri kucyitwara ho neza hatabayeho allergie ikabije, niyo mpamvu iyi miti ikoreshwa kenshi, buri gihe uko iriya ndwara ije umurwayi akanywa iriya miti, yakira akayihagarika. Uretse bwa buryo bwavuzwe haruguru bwo kumenyereza umubiri (desensibilization), nta wundi muti uzwi uvura iyi ndwara burundu.

Icyitonderwa
Kimwe n’izindi ndwara, si byiza ko uyirwaye yivura, kabone n’ubwo umuti akoresha yaba yarawuhawe n’umuganga cyangwa uwo muti abona umufasha. Ni byiza kugisha inama umuganga mbere yo kuwukoresha, akakugira inama no ku zindi ngamba wafata ngo ukemure icyo kibazo.