BAZA MUGANGA

TURUSHEHO GUSOBANUKIRWA SIDA KUGIRANGO TUYIRINDE KURUSHAHO I-UKO BYIFASHE KU ISI NO MU RWANDA Buri munsi ku isi : abantu 6.800 banduzwa n'agakoko ka sida abantu 5.700 bicwa n'agakoko ka Sida, 73% yabo ni abo muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu. Mu mwaka wa 2009, ababanaga n'agakoko ka sida bari miliyoni mirongo itatu n'eshatu (33 millions), 95% yabo nabo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere naho 70% yabo n'abo muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu. Mu Rwanda ho, ababana n'agakoko ka sida ni 3% II-AGAKOKO GATERA SIDA Agakoko gatera sida kitwa, mu cyongereza, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV): HIV1 niyo iboneka cyane ku isi yose, HIV2: iboneka muri Afurika y'iburengerazuba, Mozambike na Angola HIV2 yandura gake niyo mpamvu iboneka gake. III-UKO AGAKOKO KA SIDA KAZAHAZA UMUBIRI Agakoko gatera sida, kugirango kabeho kanibaruke , kagomba kwinjira mu turemangingofatizo (cell...

UBUBI BW'ITABI KU BUZIMA Uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwakoreshwa unywa(isigara,inkono y'itabi) cyangwa ujundika(ubugoro)ibikomoka ku bibabi by'itabi byose bigira ingaruka mbi ku buzima. Uko unywa itabi cyane,kandi mu gihe kirekire,ninako ingaruka mbi ku buzima zigenda ziyongera. Ibigize itabi Itabi rigizwe: Nicotine Iyo umaze kuricana haboneka CO (monoxyde de Carbone) Goudrons, Irritants Nicotine Ni cyo gice cy'itabi gitera gukoronizwa(guhora wumva urishaka ukagira amahoro aruko uribonya cyangwa dependence). CO Ni gaz ituma oxygene igabanuka mu maraso,umuntu akaba yagira ibibazo bitandukanye biterwa n'umwuka uba muke mu mubiri. Goudrons na Irritants(umuyonga w'itabi) Bituma ibikororwa bidasohoka neza bikaguma mu nzira y'umwuka bityo bikaba byatera ibibazo mu nzira y'imyanya y'ubuhumekero. Ingaruka z'itabi ku buzima Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje : 1/3 cya za cancer z...

INDWARA YO KUJOJOBA KUBAGORE ( fistula) Inshamake k'urwungano rw'inkari Urwungano rw'inkari rugizwe n'impyiko (kidney), imiyoboro ikura inkari mumpyiko ikazijyana mu ruhago (ureters), uruhago n'umuvaruhago usohora inkari hanze. Ku muzenguruko w'aho umuvaruhago ujya gusohokera hanze,hariho inyama ihora yifunze (sphincter),ibuza inkari gusohoka,igafunguka iyo umuntu afashe icyemezo cyo kurekura inkari ziri mu ruhago.Uruhago n'umuvaruhago byegeranye n'imyanya myibarukiro ariyo: umura(uterus) uba uri hejuru y'uruhago ahagana inyuma , inda ibyara iba inyuma y'uruhago ndetse n'umuvaruhago. Indwara yo kujojoba ni iki? Indwara yo kujojoba ni ukuba inkari zisuka buri kanya munda ibyara y'umugore, zinyuze mu mwanya udasanzwe uhuza imiyoboro y'inkari n'imyanya myibarukiro udafite ikiwufunga. Uwo mwanya ushobora kuba uhuza uruhago n'umura, uruhago n'inda ibyara, cyangwa umuvaruhago n'inda iby...

KANSERI Y'IBERE Kanseri y'ibere ni kanseri iboneka cyane ku bagore kw'isi yose,ikaba igaragara cyane ku Bagore bari mugihe cyo kubyara ikagenda yiyongera uko imyaka ikura hanyuma ikagabanuka nyuma yogucura k'umugore (post menopause). Umugore umwe ku icyenda (1/9) aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kuba yafatwa n'iyi kanseri mu buzima bwe.Abagabo nabo bashobora kuyirwara ariko ni gake cyane nko hasi ya rimwe ku ijana (   INZEGO ZA KANSERI(STADES) Muri make inzego za kanseri y'ibere ni ebyiri : NB :Kumenyekana kwa kanseri itari kwirakwiza mu mubiri ni byiza kuko bituma ivurwa hakiri kare bityo ikaba yanakira. KANSERI ITARIKWIRAKWIZA MU MUBIRI :Niyo ikunze kuboneka cyane ku bagore ikaba ifata mu tuyoboro tw'amashereka ; KANSERI YIKWIRAKWIJE MU MUBIRI :Yo ishobora gufata mu bice byose by'ibere ndetse ikaba yarenga n'imbibi zaryo. IKIYITERA Ikiyitera kugeza ubu ntikizwi ari...

INAMA ZIGIRWA ABABYEYI MUBIJYANYE NO KONSA UMWANA Nk'uko bigaragazwa n’ubushakashatsi bunyuranye bwakozwe, konsa umwana ni kimwe mubintu kamere (natural) umubyeyi akorera umwana we, kikaba ari igikorwa gifitiye akamaro kanini cyane ubuzima kuva akivuka ndetse kugeza ubuzima bwe bwose, Ibyo rero bikaba bituruka kuntungamubiri zinyuranye ziboneka mu mashereka umwana yonka zikaba ntahandi hantu mubyukuri yashobora kuzibonera. Mu mashereka habamo Abasirikare (Antibodies) bafite ubushobozi bwo kurinda umubiri w’umwana indwara zinyuranye kuva akivuka,ibyo bikagabanya umubare w’indwara zikunze kwibasira abana bato nk’impiswi, kuruka n’izindi,ibyo bigaterwa ahanini n’uko amashereka ariyo yonyine muri rusange igifu cy’umwana kibasha gusya neza kuva akivuka.Konsa umwana rero n’impano ikomeye nyina umubyara agomba guha umwana we,itagira indi binganya agaciro mumpano zose yashobora kuzamugenera ubuzima bwe bwose.Umwana siwe wenyine rero ubona izo nyungu kuko nku...

UBURYO BWO KONSA Umwana agomba kuba hafi ya mama we akivuka (skin to skin contact) no gushyirwa ku ibere akimara kuvuka kuko aba afite ubushobozi bwo gutangira konka mugihe yaba ntabindi bibazo yavukanye. Bibaye bidashobotse kubera impamvu zimwe na zimwe byatinze ntibirenze isaha imwe avutse atarashyirwa ku ibere ryanyina,mugihe umwana azaba atabashije konka,ningombwa kwihutira kumugeza kwa muganga kugirango hakoreshwe ubundi buryo bwo kumuha amashereka hifashishijwe agapira kabugenewe banyuza mumuhogo kakagera mugifu (sonde naso-gastrique). Umwana agomba konswa kenshi gashoboka n’ukuvuga igihe cyose abishakiye (nibura inshuro 8 kugeza kuri 12 kumunsi).Muntangiriro biba bigoranye kuko hari igihe umubyeyi yongera kumva ibise, bitewe n’uko nyababyeyi iba irimo gusubira nkuko yahoze mbere yo gutwita (sa taille normale) ibyo bigafasha umubyeyi kutava amaraso menshi nyuma yo kubyara nkuko twabibonye mu isomo ryabanje (inyungu ku mubyeyi wonsa ),ubwo bubabare ...

NI GUTE UMUBYEYI UTIRIRANWA N’UMWANA YAMWONSA? Nk'uko twabibonye mumasomo yatambutse mbere, umwana agomba konka atavangiwe ikindi ikintu amezi atandatu yambere y’ubuzima. Mugihe umubyeyi atiriranwa n’umwana we kubera impamvu zinyuranye (akazi,amasomo,…) ashobora gukama amashereka akayasigira abiriranwa umwana bakaza kuyamuha mu gihe aza kuba adahari,ariko mu gihe akiri kumwe nawe ndetse n’igihe atashye akihatira kumwonsa kenshi gashoboka.Amashereka rero yakamwe abikwa mu kintu cyabugenewe gifite isuku kandi gipfundikiye neza, agahabwa umwana hakoreshejwe agakombe gasukuye neza kandi gapfundikirwa (nibyiza gukoresha agakombe kuko biba byoroshye kugasukura kuruta gukoresha biberon na za tétine usanga bisaba gutekwa (stérilisation) igihe cyose mbere yo gukoreshwa ibyo bitakubahirizwa umwana akibasirwa n’indwara zirimo impiswi zikunze guhitana abana Amashereka ashobora kubikwa nibura amasaha umunani (8 heures) ahantu hari igipimo cy’ubushyuhe gisanzwe(à ...

IBICURANE BYO MU BWOKO BW'ALLERGIE ( ALLERGIC RHINITIS ) UBUNDI ALLERGIE NI IKI, ITERWA NI IKI, UYIGIRA UTE? Ni ukwivumbura k'umubiri ugaragaza ibimenyetso bidasanzwe mu gihe ukozweho cyangwa ugiwemo n'ikintu runaka kivuye hanze yawo (allergène). Hari uburyo butandukanye allergie yigaragarizamo: Gusemeka (asthme ), Gushesha ibiheri ku mubiri ( dermatite atopique, eczéma atopique, eczéma), Ibicurane (rhinite allergique), Gutukura amaso (conjonctivite), Kwishimagura umubiri wose, Iyo umubiri w'umuntu ugira allergie ukozweho cyangwa yinjiwemo n'allergène, umubiri ubifashijwemo n'utugiramubiri tw'ifatizo twitwa ‘mastocytes’ uvubura uburozi nk'ubwitwa ‘histamine’ buwuzahaza maze ukagaragaza ibimenyetso twavuze haruguru. Iyo ‘allergène’ yingiriye mu mwuka, izuru, amaso n'ibihaha nibyo bizahara. Iyo ‘allergène’ yinjiriye mu myanya ibiryo binyuramo, umunywa, igifu n'amara nibyo bizahara. Iyo ‘allerg...

KUZUNGERA CYANGWA ISERERI KUZUNGERA cyangwa ISERERI ni iki ? Ni ikimenyetso gishobora kugaragaza mu burwayi bwinshi butandukanye. Kuzengerezwa bishobora kuba ku buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi: Isereri nyirizina, uyifite aba yumva azenguruka ibimukikije cyangwa se azengurukwa n'ibimukikije. Iyi sereri ikunze kuba iri hamwe n'isesemi, kugira igihunga, kubira ibyunzwe, n'ibindi. Hari kandi no kumva usa n'uri mu kirere, cyangwa usa nk'uri mu modoka, cyangwa se nanone usa nk'uhanuka, ariko hatarimo kuzenguruka. KUZUNGERA cyangwa ISERERI biterwa n'iki ? IBINDI BIMENYETSO BIKUNDA KUGARAGARA KUMUNTU UFITE ISERERI Isereri ikunze kuba iherekejwe n'isesemi, kugira igihunga, kubira ibyunzwe, n'ibindi bimenyetso bijyane n'indwara iba yateye isereri. ISERERI YAVURWA ITE? HIFASHISHIJWE: Ubundi ‘equilibre' y'umubiri w'umuntu (kuba umubiri utandandabirana nk'umuntu wasinze, ukumva uhag...

ESE UMUGORE YONKEJE ATWITE BYAGIRA INGARUKA KURI WE, K'UWO ATWITE CYANGWA UWO YONSA? Abantu benshi bibaza iki kibazo kuko bijya bibaho ko umugore asama kandi yonsaga, bigatuma hibazwa niba agomba gukomeza konsa cyangwa se kubihagarika, bitewe no gutinya ko byamugiraho ingaruka we ubwe, uwo yonsa cyangwa se uwo atwite. Abantu babivugaho byinshi bitandukanye, ariko reka turebe icyo abahanga babivugaho. INGARUKA ZO KONSA KU MUGORE UTWITE KU BUZIMA BWE BWITE Hari ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umugore iyo yonsa atwite ashobora kugira ibibazo byerekeranye n'intungamubiri (problemes nutritionnel) bigaragarira cyane cyane mu kunanuka cyangwa se gutakaza ibiro (Merchant, 1990). Icyakora, abo bashakashatsi bagaragaje ko ibyo bibaho ku bagore bari basanzwe n'ubundi bafite ibibazo byo kubona ibibatunga, bityo abatabifite bakaba batagira izi impungenge. Ikindi kivugwa ku ngaruka zishobora kuba kuri uyu mubyeyi ni ukubyara igihe kitageze. Ibi ababivuga bas...

KANSERI Y'INKONDO Y'UMURA Iyi kanseri iri ku mwanya wa kabiri mu ma kanseri y'abagore, umwanya wa mbere ukabaho kanseri y'ibere. Iyi kanseri ifata kenshi abagore bakiri bato. Iyi kanseri niyo ifite umwanya wambere mu makanseri mu kwica abagore mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere nk'u Rwanda.   Kubagore batarafatwa niyo kanseri, kwisuzumisha kenshi bishoboka bituma ibimenyetso biyibanziriza bimenyekana kare maze hakagira igikorwa hakiri kare kuburyo umugore ashobora gukira burundu. Ibyo kandi bituma impfu ziterwa niyo kanseri zigabanukaho mirongo itanu kw'ijana (50/100). IBIMENYETSO BYA KANSERI Y'INKONDO Y'UMURA Ikimenyetso gikunze kwigaragaza ni ukuva amaraso aturutse mu gitsina kandi umugore atari mu mihango, cyane cyane biba nyuma y'imibonano mpuzabitsina ; Ibindi bimenyetso bishoboka ni umurenda wo mugitsina uba mwinshi kurusha uko bisanzwe, ukanuka, uvanze n'uturaso, no kuribwa mu...

BANTU MWARUSHINZE MUFITE UBWANDU BWA SIDA, MWARI MUZI KO MUSHOBORA KUBYARA UMWANA UTANDUYE MURAMUTSE MUKURIKIJE INAMA ZA KIGANGA? Babyeyi rero mubana n’ubwandu bwa sida, mwagombye kumenya ko agakoko ka sida kari mu mubiri wanyu gashobora no kwanduza umwana muzabyara. Umwana ashobora kwandurira munda ya nyina, ariko akenshi yandura mu gihe abyarwa anyura mu myanya ndangagitsina ya nyina aho ahura n’amaraso n’uruzi rwo mu gitsina bya nyina biba birimo udukoko twa sida (mu gihe uruhinja narwo rwaba rwagize udusebe niyo twaba duto cyane ku mubiri mu gihe cyo kuvuka) no mukonka kuko n’amashereka ya nyina aba arimi udukoko twa sida. Hakorwa iki ngo umwana uvuka ku mubyeyi we ubana n’agakoko ka sida abe ashobora kuvuka atanduye? Kubyara umubyeyi abazwe (Césarienne mu gifaransa) bituma uruhinja rudahura cyane n’amaraso n’uruzi rwo mu gitsina bya nyina, bityo kwandura bikagabanuka; Kuhagira uruhinja rukimara kuvuka ako kanya ukoresheje amazi abongamira kubaho no...

BAGABO, MWARI MUZI KO MUFITE INYAMA ABAGORE BATAGIRA YITWA “PROSTATE” ISHOBORA KUBA INDIRI YA KANSERI KURI BAMWE MURI MWE? MWAKORA IKI NGO BITAGENDA NABI? Ubusanzwe iyo nyama, ifitwe n’abagabo gusa, ni imwe muzivubura amazi intanga ngabo ziba zirimo(amasohoro), ikaba iba hafi y’umuyoboro wo mu gitsina cy’umugabo(unyurwamo n’inkari n’amasohoro) ari naho ivubura ayo mazi. Abaganga bakaba bazi kuyisuzumira mu kibuno aho wumva ibyimbiye ubusanzwe . Ubusanzwe iyo nyama iraringaniye. Iyo muganga agusuzumye agasanga iyo “prostate” yarabyimbyeho bidasanzwe itanaringaniye, icyo gihe iba yinjiwe n’ikibyimba gishobora kuba cyaba na kanseri. Icyo kibyimba gitangira kitari kanseri, gishobora kuba cyabagwa umuntu agakira nta zindi nkurikizi. Ariko uko igihe kigenda, utanisuzumisha, niko icyo kibyimba kigenda kiba kanseri. Kanseri ihindura iyo nyama mbi cyane igenda yinjira umubiri hirya no hino, aho igeze iharwaza, ugasanga umuntu yarembye byo gupfa, akabaho nabi paka apfuye...

ESE U RUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE RUZAHURA N'IBIHE BIBAZO? ABABYEYI BABYIFATAMO BATE? URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE BISOBANUYE IKI ? Iyo abanyarwanda bavuze ngo umwana yavutse ananiwe, biba bishatse kuvuga ko umubiri w'umwana (cyane cyane ubwonko) uba utagerwaho cyangwa ugerwaho n'umwuka muke witwa ogisigeni (oxygene:O2) kandi ufite ubushobozi bucye bwo kwivanaho umwuka mubi witwa diyokiside ya karibone ( dioxyde de carbone:CO2). Ibi bituma umubiri ugira aside (acides) nyinshi, bikaba byanatuma umwana apfa. KUBERA IKI URUHINJA RUVUKA RUNANIWE KANDI RUBA RUMEZE NEZA MBERE Y'UKO MAMA WARWO AGIRA IBISE? Hari ibice by'umubiri nk'ubwonko bizahara cyane iyo okisijeni (oxygène) ibaye nke cyangwa ikabura. Akenshi ubwonko buzahazwa n’indwara karemano (maladies génétiques, métaboliques ou malformatives). Kandi bizwi ko ubwonko aribwo bugenga ubwenge n'imikorere y'umubiri :ubwonko nibwo butuma uruhinja rwonka, ruhumeka, rumenya gusek...